The Construction of Hospitals for the Insane

PART I.

* Chapters 1 - 10

Chapter I
PRELIMINARY REMARKS
Chapter II
DEFINITIONS OF INSANITY
Chapter III
FREQUENCY OF INSANITY
Chapter IV
CURABILITY OF INSANITY
Chapter V
ECONOMY OF CURING INSANITY
Chapter VI
HOSPITALS THE BEST PLACES FOR TREATMENT
Chapter VII
DIFFERENT CLASSES OF HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE
Chapter VIII
STATE PROVISION TO BE FOR ALL CLASSES
Chapter IX
THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENTS OF AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS FOR THE INSANE
Chapter X
FIRST STEPS TO SECURE A HOSPITAL

* Chapters 11 - 20

Chapter XI
FORM OF LAW FOR ESTABLISHING A HOSPITAL
Chapter XII
BUILDING COMMISSIONS
Chapter XIII
SELECTION OF A SITE
Chapter XIV
AMOUNT OF LAND
Chapter XV
SUPPLY OF WATER
Chapter XVI
DRAINAGE
Chapter XVII
ENCLOSURES
Chapter XVIII
PATIENTS' YARDS
Chapter XIX
IMPORTANCE OF ARCHITECTURAL ARRANGEMENTS
Chapter XX
CHARACTER OF PROPOSED PLANS

* Chapters 21 - 30

Chapter XXI
SIZE OF BUILDINGS AND NUMBER OF PATIENTS
Chapter XXII
POSITION, AND GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
Chapter XXIII
FORM OF BUILDING
Chapter XXIV
HEIGHT OF HOSPITALS
Chapter XXV
TEMPORARY OR WOODEN STRUCTURES
Chapter XXVI
NUMBER OF PATIENTS IN A WARD
Chapter XXVII
NATURAL VENTILATION
Chapter XXVIII
CELLARS
Chapter XXIX
MATERIALS OF WALLS
Chapter XXX
PLASTERING

* Chapters 31 - 40

Chapter XXXI
SECURITY FROM FIRE IN CONSTRUCTION
Chapter XXXII
ROOFS
Chapter XXXIII
SIZE OF ROOMS AND HEIGHT OF CEILINGS
Chapter XXXIV
FLOORS
Chapter XXXV
DOORS
Chapter XXXVI
LOCKS
Chapter XXXVII
WINDOWS AND WINDOW GUARDS
Chapter XXXVIII
INSIDE WINDOW SCREENS
Chapter XXXIX
STAIRS
Chapter XL
ASSOCIATED DORMITORIES

* Chapters 41 - 50

Chapter XLI
INFIRMARY WARDS
Chapter XLII
BATH ROOMS
Chapter XLIII
WATER CLOSETS
Chapter XLIV
WARD DRYING ROOMS
Chapter XLV
WATER PIPES
Chapter XLVI
DUST FLUES AND SOILED CLOTHES HOPPERS
Chapter XLVII
KITCHENS AND SCULLERIES
Chapter XLVIII
DUMB WAITERS AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD
Chapter XLIX
RAILROAD
Chapter L
HEATING AND VENTILATION

* Chapters 51 - 60

Chapter LI
AXIOMS ON HEATING AND VENTILATION
Chapter LII
HOT AIR AND VENTILATING FLUES
Chapter LIII
LIGHTING
Chapter LIV
PATIENTS' WORK ROOMS
Chapter LV
GENERAL COLLECTION ROOM
Chapter LVI
WASHING, DRYING, IRONING, AND BAKING
Chapter LVII
FARM BUILDINGS
Chapter LVIII
COST OF HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE
Chapter LIX
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES
Chapter LX
DESCRIPTION OF THE FRONTISPIECE AND ITS GROUND PLAN

More to come...

CHAPTER XLVII
KITCHENS AND SCULLERIES.

WITH the exception, perhaps, of a small kitchen for the use of the superintendent's family, or for making dishes for the sick, one main kitchen in the basement of the centre building is all that is required for the purposes of an institution of the size and character of that under notice. This position is certainly the most convenient for this important room, especially in regard to facility of supervision, and there can be little question, but that the proposed arrangement will be found most economical in reference to supplies, fuel, and the force employed to do the cooking. The kitchen and bakery, which last may be preferably placed in connection with the laundry buildings, are the only rooms in the whole establishment in which there will be large fires, and they should be arched for additional security, and to prevent the steam and odors from them passing through the floors into the rooms above. A large ventilating shaft should be built expressly for the kitchen, and a strong and steady upward draft in this shaft secured, by carrying up in its centre a cast iron flue of good size, through which the gas from the fires is to pass. There should also be two doors, at the foot of the stairs, leading to the story above, so that but one shall be open at a time.

Arranged as proposed, this location for the kitchen can scarcely prove objectionable in any climate; for the heat, steam, and odors will be promptly carried off, without interfering in any way with the comfort of the inmates of any part of the building. The very common annoyance from basement kitchens, has generally resulted from no provision being made for their ventilation, or if any has been attempted, it has been of the most imperfect kind.

Besides a cooking range, a broiler and a rotary roaster, the main kitchen should have in it a complete steam apparatus for cooking vegetables, making soups, etc., constructed entirely of iron and tin, and with so good a ventilation that no vapor will escape into the room. An apparatus for making coffee and tea, and boiling milk, by steam, is also necessary. A steam table for keeping up the heat of the cooked food and of the dishes, is desirable. The steam for the use of the kitchen may be derived from one of the boilers in the detached building hereafter to be referred to. The best floor for the kitchen is the smooth, brown German flagstone or slate. The window seats and their sides near them should be of slate. Cement should be used for the washboard and lowest part of the plastering, and wood should be avoided as much as possible.

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